6 November 2016

Resources

More Information, On- and Off-line

I have benefited from a great many resources in learning about our family and the times in which it has lived. I can't begin to acknowledge everything I have made use of, but perhaps you will find this list helpful as a starting place for your own research.

If you have done any genealogical work on the internet, you probably have already assembled your own impressive collection of favorite links. There is no point in trying to re-invent the wheel here...well, not all of it, at least. I can't help but throw in my own 2 cents worth.

Don't overlook the Books and Articles listed under the categories of Digital Collections and Selected Bibliography (both print and digital). They are listed last, but they are definitely not least in their value for historical research.

General Genealogy

Ancestry.com

This is a subscription-based repository of a wide range of genealogical material. A Library Edition, with access to most, but not all, of the same information in the commercial edition, is often available for patrons at public and academic libraries.

One should exercise caution with the compiled databases gleaned from unidentified sources. The textual indexing of some resources is not always as accurate as it might be. Ancestry.com is at its best when it serves up digital images of documents, allowing you to examine the primary sources yourself. You need to be creative and persistent in your searches; and do not expect to find success in the first two pages of results.

Cyndi's List of Genealogical Sites

This site has an extensive list of internet links. Make sure you have food and water within reach if you plan to explore this resource. Or, take these short cuts:

  • Iowa
  • Kansas
  • Michigan
  • Minnesota
  • Oregon
  • Washington
  • Wisconsin
  • Wyoming
FamilySearch.org - Family History and Genealogy Records
This site is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (commonly known as the Mormons), who have long had an interest in genealogy. Some of the data here should be used with caution. Source citations are often missing and some of the information has been submitted by researchers who might not have worked to the high standards you uphold.
Genealogy.com

This appears now to be part of the Ancestry.com community. As of September 2014 it greatly curtailed its services. A lot of content was withdrawn. What remains cannot be revised; only deleted.

GenForum message boards, Family Tree Maker homepages, and the most popular articles remain available in a read-only format on Genealogy.com, meaning the pages are preserved to allow you to view, but not edit information.

National Genealogical Society
RootsWeb.com
This resource used to advertise itself as the oldest and largest site devoted to the free distribution of genealogical information. It is now part of the Ancestry.com community and some resources have been absorbed by that organization.
WorldGenWeb Project
"The WorldGenWeb Project is a non-profit, volunteer based organization dedicated to providing genealogical and historical records and resources for world-wide access!"

Europe

Baden-Württemberg GenWeb
Bayern-Bavaria GenWeb
Familienforschung Tecklenburger Land (TEFAM) e.V.
This is Sandra Reiter's extensive collection of information and web links connected to family research relating to Tecklenburg in northwestern Germany.
FEEFHS - Federation of East European Family History Societies
Genealogy.net    in German    in English
Resources for genealogists conducting research in German-speaking areas of Europe.
Germany GenWeb Project
Heimatbund für das Oldenburger Münsterland
HIS-Data: Aktuelle und historische westeuropäische Territorien mit ihren Verwaltungsgliederungen.
Historical geo-political information about places in Germany compiled by Hans-Walter Pries.
Internetportal "Westfälische Geschichte"
Ladbergen Genealogy Database
Bill Roege's transcription of the church records from Ladbergen, Germany available as a GEDCOM file. This web site, at AOL's Hometown, was permanently shut down in October 2008 and I have not found it's new "home."
Ladbergen (Nordrhein-Westfalen). The village's official web site
Ladbergen - encyclopedia article
Ladbergen in the German language version of Wikipedia
Naturwissenschaftlicher und Historischer Verein für das Land Lippe e.V.
Genealogical research in Lippe.
Niedersachsen GenWeb (in English)
Nordrhein-Westfalen GenWeb
Navigation is a bit of a challenge, but this site has much information connected with the present-day state of Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia) in Germany. Note that most of the political boundaries used at this site are post World War II and may not accurately reflect the state of affairs at the time your ancestors lived there.
Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Genealogie und Familienforschung (WGGF)

North America

U.S. Biographies Project
Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas
Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska
Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Wisconsin
USGenWeb Project
This organization is run by a group of volunteers "working to provide free genealogy websites for genealogical research in every county and every state of the United States. This Project is non-commercial and fully committed to free genealogy access for everyone." At this site you will find general information and links to all of the sites connected with the USGenWeb Project. Check it out.
Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas
Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska
Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Wisconsin
Missouri
Kansas
Ohio

South America

Brazil GenWeb - Genealogia no Brasil
CAPEF: Centro de Apoio a Pesquisas e Encontros Familiares (Brasil)
The Center of Support to Researches and Family Encounters is located in Teutônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The web site is largely in Portuguese, but there are some pages in English. CAPEF has information about the family of Ernesto Frederico Guilherme Fiegenbaum and his wife Sophia Berlemann, who emigrated from Germany to Brazil in 1869. See a photo and brief genealogical facts here.
German migration to Brazil

Migration

Amerikanetz: Network for Westphalian Emigration to America since the 19th Century
The introductory page here is in English; the rest of the site is in German.
Auswanderung Lippe-USA
A database and reports on emigration from Lippe (often called Lippe-Detmold) based on the research of the Naturwissenschaftlicher und Historischer Verein für das Land Lippe e.V. Upper level pages are in German and English; data is in German only.
Emslanders to the American Mid-West
This well-organized site concentrates on Emsland, a portion of Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony). It also has good general information on emigration from Germany.
The Immigration Story of Ernst Bohning, 1843
The Bohning family of Barkhausen, Kingdom of Hanover, departed from Bremen and landed in Baltimore, Maryland, before settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Ernst Bohning was 10 years old at the time. Some many years later, he wrote down his recollections of the family's journey.
This diary used to be available on the internet, but has now disappeared. If anyone has information about its whereabouts, please drop me a line.
Emigrants from Kreis Meschede and Kreis Olpe (Westfalen) to the USA
Information about emigration from later in the 19th century, including some letters.
Emigration from Oldenburg, 1830-1880
An article available in both German and English: Ostendorf, Johannes. "A History of Emigration from old Amt Damme (Oldenburg), in Particular to North America, in the Years 1830-1880," Oldenburger Jahrbuch des Landesvereins für Geschichte und Heimatkunde, 46/47 (1942-1943), pages 164-297.
Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild (ITSG)
Immigration Diary of Friedrich Nohl, 1849
The Immigration Diary of Michael Friedrich Radke, 1848
Michael Friedrich Radke's memoir of the conditions of his life near Berlin, his desire for more favorable circumstances for himself and his family, their sea voyage from Bremen to Baltimore and the struggle to find a fruitful home in the USA is a compelling, but too-short document.
TheShipsList: Passengers, Ships, Shipwrecks
This site is a little dis-organized, but among all these links is some very helpful information (some of it off-site). Don't give up too soon.

Libraries, Archives, and Databases

Bureau of Land Management / General Land Office Records
"We provide live access to Federal land conveyance records for the Public Land States.... This site offers researchers a source of information on the initial transfer of land titles from the Federal government to individuals."
Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS)
The National Park Service is in the process of assembling electronic databases of records of veterans of the Civil War. It includes records for Civil War Prisons.
Historical United States Census Data Browser
With this interactive database at the University of Virgina Library, you can analyze national census data from 1790 to 1970, by state, county, race, age, sex and occupation. If you want to know how many free white males aged 30-39 living in Warren County, Missouri where engaged in agriculture in 1840, this is the place to find the answer (1,192 individuals in a county-wide population of 4,253 were engaged in agriculture; 215 were free white males 30-39 and 188 were free white females of the same age).
Illinois State Archives
The State of Illinois is doing a great job putting the resources of the state archives online - births, marriages, deaths, military records, land sales, etc. You will find this site easy to navigate and searching is very straight-forward, with clear instructions close at hand. Material is being added on a regular basis; check back from time to time.
Illinois State Library
Midwest Genealogy Center at 3440 S. Lee's Summit Road, Independence, Missouri., part of the Mid-Continent Public Library (MCPL) system.
Part of the Mid-Continent Public Library (MCPL) system, this facility is devoted to local and state history and genealogy. Among other resources at your disposal are the National Archives' microfilm series on the federal census for Missouri, Civil War military records, and immigration and ships passenger lists indices. The web site will give you access to catalogues of the library's holdings, some of which are available through inter-library loan. There is a nice list of links of interest to genealogists and historians. The library and the web site are well worth a visit.
Missouri Digital Heritage

More than 9 million records can be accessed through Missouri Digital Heritage, including the collections of the Missouri State Archives, the Missouri State Library and other institutions from across the state.

Selected Collections   More

  • Missouri Birth & Death Records Database, Pre-1910
    • Text-only index.
    • "...an abstract of the birth, stillbirth, and death records recorded before 1909 and that are available on microfilm at the Missouri State Archives."
    • "The database currently contains over 185,000 records from 87 counties."
  • Missouri Death Certificates, 1910 - 19__
    • AN EXCELLENT RESOURCE. Provides access to digitized images of the original death certificates.
    • "containing death records created after 1910 and over 50 years old, makes that information available online through a searchable index that links to a digitized image of the original death certificate."
  • Missouri County History Project
    • Sponsored by the Missouri State Library. 115 published volumes covering county histories from all over the state. Some volumes offer regional coverage. "The majority of these volumes are in the public domain. Permission for the use of copyrighted materials was provided by a variety of institutions."
  • Missouri County Plat Books Project
    • "The Missouri County Plat Books collection is a selection of county atlases and plat books from all over the state published from 1875-1930. There are currently 141 volumes in this collection." "All volumes are in the public domain. Contact contributing institution for reproduction request."
  • Missouri Platbooks, circa 1930
    • "In 1930 W. W. Hixson and Co. of Rockford, Illinois published plat books of townships in counties throughout Missouri. These volumes document the ownership and locations of plots of land in Missouri counties, plot sizes, and the owner's name for each plot of land within the townships."
  • Naturalization Records, 1816 - 1955
    • Text-only index.
    • "Abstracts of citizenship records from 22 Missouri counties."
  • Soldiers' Records: War of 1812 - World War I
    • Text-only index.

    The Soldiers Database is a comprehensive database abstracted from the individual service cards and listing more than 576,000 Missourians who served in the military from territorial times through World War I. It includes entries for twelve wars and military engagements in which Missouri soldiers took part. These range from well-known wars, such as the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Spanish-American War, and World War I, to the battles that were peculiarly Missourian, including the Heatherly War of 1836, the Mormon War of 1838, and the Iowa (Honey) War of 1839. The bulk of the service cards, over 380,000 of them, record the fractured history of Missouri during the bloodiest of all American wars - the Civil War.

  • Missouri's Judicial Records
    • The St. Louis Probate Court Digitization Project 1802-1900 is now part of this larger collection.
Missouri State Library
NARA - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
This agency is the nation's attic, basement and back closet when it comes to saving paperwork. Be sure to check out the section on Genealogy. The agency's holdings are not on-line at this site, but you will find helpful articles about what is available elsewhere and advice about how to focus your research.
National Personnel Records Center (NPRC)
The National Archives and Records Administration maintains two personnel records centers, both located in St. Louis, Missouri. The Military Personnel Records (MPR) facility houses the service and medical records for discharged and deceased military personnel who served in the 20th century. Records for federal civilian employees (1900-present) are maintained at the Civilian Record Facility. To obtain military records for service before World War I, contact the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, DC.
Social Security Death Index at: RootsWeb. Genealogy.com.
Each web site handles the search differently. Be sure to read the explanations about which Social Security numbers are included and which are not included in the database.
St. Charles City-County Library District - Local History and Genealogy
Serving St. Charles County, Missouri. You'll find a useful list of links here. Be sure to visit the Digital Image Gallery
University of Missouri Digital Library
Western Historical Manuscript Collection
A collection of primary source material at the University of Missouri.
Western States Marriage Record Index
This is an online database created and maintained by the McKay Library, Family History Center at BYU-Idaho
Wisconsin Local History and Biography Articles Collection

Museums & Historical Sites

Genealogical and Historical Societies

California
Illinois
Iowa
Kansas
Minnesota
Missouri
Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony) Germany
Ohio
Westfalen (Westphalia) Germany

Maps and Photos

American Memory
A project of the U. S. Library of Congress, this is a gateway to a public digital collection of primary source material from the nation's history.
Center for Applied Research and Environmental Systems (CARES)
This site at the University of Missouri, Columbia is an excellent source for GIS data and interactive maps of the state of Missouri. Configure a map to fit your needs and download it.
Baden-Württemberg GenWeb
There are two pages indexing the maps on this site. Page One shows thumbnail images of a number of historical maps for the German speaking areas of Europe, from Roman times to after WW II. Page Two gives a number of thumbnail images of the Duchy of Baden, the Kingdom of Württemberg, and of Central Europe (from 1648-1866). Clicking on a thumbnail image will open a large, high-quality image of each map (download times may be rather long, depending on the quality of your connection).
Geodatenatlas Kreis Steinfurt
An interactive map of contemporary Kries Steinfurt based on GIS data. Ladbergen is located in this administrative district of Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen, BRD.
Geographic Names Information System
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Geological Survey. Search for place names and geographic features. I have found the search engine a little suspect; it is not aware of two mountains I can see from my home. Also, I believe that the database does not include information on historical features. There are links to maps.
GOV - the Genealogical Gazeteer
A database of geographical place-names for genealogical research in Germany; a project from the Verein für Computergenealogie. In English and German. Try the ExpertView to see a place's geopolitical setting through history.
Historical Atlas - Germany
Thomas Höckmann provides maps, essays and historical data on the geopolitical development of Germany.
IEG-MAPS
A digital, historical atlas of Europe offered free for personal use by the Institute of European History, Mainz.
Library of Congress - American Memory - Map Collections
An effort by the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress to make a portion of its more than 4.5 million items available to the public in digital form.
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GEOnet Names Server (GNS)
"The GEOnet Names Server (GNS) provides access to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA) and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names' (US BGN) database of foreign geographic feature names." Here, the term "foreign" means "non-USA" geographical place names. The database is updated monthly.
National Atlas of Canada
Search, view and download maps of Canada.
Perry-Castañeda Historical Map Collection
A large collection of online maps at the University of Texas.
Tiger Mapping Service
Notice on this web site as of 26 June 2011:
    "As of late May 2010, the TIGER Map Service will no longer be available. This application used geography from the 1990 Census. The Census Bureau determined that it was time to retire the service."
    "We are working on new web mapping services which we hope to release in conjuction with the 2010 Census data in early 2011. We are sorry for any inconvenience this change may cause."
    Vistors are directed to the site's home page for additional information.
U. S. Gazetteer - U. S. Census Bureau
Philippi, Friedrich. Geschichte Westfalens. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 1926.
A digital copy of this book available from the library of the Universität Bielefeld contains two maps which show territories in the region of Westphalia during 1801 (page 196), and 1812 (page 197) when the area was occupied by the 1st French Empire.

Software

RootsMagic Genealogy Software
RootsMagic icon
This is a replacement program for the earlier Family Origins software. I am very pleased with its features and have found it indispensable over the years in helping me keep track of the family history. It is the primary digital tool I use to marshal my genealogical data. I recommend this product highly.
The Next Generation of Genealogy Sitebuilding (TNG)
TNG is a powerful way to manage and display your genealogy data online. All information is stored in MySQL database tables and is dynamically displayed with PHP. Installation and maintenance are within the skill level of most intermediate computer users. I use this software for only the database section of this web site, but you can certainly use it for your entire web site. There are a variety of templates available. It may also be installed in a wiki or a CMS such as WordPress. Check out the TNG web site for a through explanation of all features and to test a working demonstration.

Miscellaneous

Citing Your Sources
Documenting your genealogical work properly is essential. This article will help you get a handle on this matter:
Family Relationships
Have you ever wondered whether that pesky "2nd cousin, twice removed" is a close enough relative that you have to be nice to him at the next family reunion? These resources might help you figure out who should be in the family and who is definitely out.
Handwriting and Printed German Script
Speak like a native
Plautdietsch - Mennonite Low German Dictionary
  • This is an on-line, interactive version of Herman Rempel's Kjenn Jie Noch Plautdietsch (1984).

Family Genealogies

Block Home Page
John L. Block has collected much information on the Block family. He has an extensive genealogical database of German emigrants from Hannover and Westphalia to Gasconade and Warren Counties, Missouri.
Familie Broekroelofs
The Broekroelofs family, of the Netherlands (from Radewijk in the municipality of Hardenberg in the province of Overijssel), are related to the Fiegenbaums through the Weitkamp family. This web site (in Dutch) develops the Fiegenbaum-Weitkamp-Broekroelofs genealogy (Stamboom Fiegenbaum) and presents an album of photos from Ladbergen in August 2008 (click on the image to go to a Picasa web album).
Carol Lee (Winter) Comp's Web Site
Carol shares her research on the Winter family and related surnames, of which Fiegenbaum is one.
Fiegenbaum Family Genealogy
Our genealogical database at the WorldConnect Project at RootsWeb.com.
The Freese Family
The descendants of Johan B. J. and Cath. Elizabeth (Kühlmann) Freese.
Miller-Buddemeyer Family Tree
Genealogical research from Chandra A. (Miller) Hoffman.
Klöpfer, Kloepfer, and Kleopfer Genealogy
Research from Robert Douglas Kleopfer, the great-great-grandson of Jacob Kleopfer (1824-1896), who immigrated from Bavaria to the USA in 1842.
Kluckhohn Family in America
"The earliest Kluckhohns (1650 or so) are recorded at the parishes of Lemgo and of Talle, in the Prinicipality of Lippe-Detmold, about 40 km (25 mi) Southwest of Hannover. Between 1848 and 1856 many Kluckhohns and their kin removed from Bavenhausen to Chicago, IL. From there they spread to Cedar Lake, IN, Stitzer, WI, Hancock and Plymouth Counties in Iowa. By 1997 we can be found as far away as Australia and Antarctica." Presented by Robert H Kluckhohn.
Born In Bavenhausen: Kluckhohns Worldwide
Another presentation by Robert H Kluckhohn.
Friedrich Ludwig Meier from Hannover Germany (Niedersachen): Indiana to Kansas
Dwayne Meyer has posted his research on the Meier (or Meyer) family at the RootsWeb WorldConnect Project. From the opening page, search for a name (Fiegenbaum might be one place to start).
Patty Onek's Family Genealogy Site
This site (formerly at <www.osprey.net/~kspatty/> ) has disappeared from the internet. If you know where it now lives, please drop me a line. Older versions have been captured by the Way Back Machine at Internet Archives <http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.osprey.net/~kspatty/>.
Keeper of the Family
This web site by Susan "Suzi" Marie (Dewsnap) Terrell has photos and personal remembrances of some members of the Sexauer and McDougal families, who are related to the Fiegenbaums through Wilhelmine Christine Elizabeth Fiegenbaum (1853-1943), eldest child of Rev. Friedrich Wilhelm and Louisa (Otto) Fiegenbaum.
Theodor Tempel Family
A site created by John A. Lefman devoted to the family of Theodor Tempel (1879-1959) and Emma Starkebaum (1880-1902).
Note the new URL as of 25 March 2009.
Fritz Lefmann
Another site by John A. Lefman with research on the family of Friedrich "Fritz" Wilhelm Lefmann (1838-1909) and Maria Justina Louisa Kampe (1846-1920).
Wietholter Family -- Ladbergen - New Knoxville
Stan Wietholter, of New Knoxville, Ohio, has traced his Wietholter family history back to his 6th great-grandparents, Jacob Heinrich Wietholter (b.1697) and Christina Kattmann (b.1705), of Ladbergen, Westphalia, Germany.

Books and Articles

Digital Collections

Google Book Search
By filtering your search for "Full view only" you can concentrate on complete texts. These titles are generally in the public domain and a PDF file is available for downloading.
Family History Archive
Complete genealogical and historical texts that are part of the digital collections available online through the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University.
Historic Missouri Newspaper Project
Illinois Digital Archives
A wide variety of digital resources from the Illinois State Library. This is part of the much larger Digital Illinois web presence, a consortium of libraries in Illinois with digital collections from libraries, historical societies, museums, and other cultural institutions in the state.
IllinoisHarvest
This is an ongoing process to digitize selected books from the print collection of over 11 million volumes at The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The University is a participant in the Open Content Alliance (OCA), a program of the Internet Archive, and many of these title are also available at that web site.
Making of America (MOA)
Started in 1995 by the University of Michigan and Cornell University, the Making of America is a "digital library of primary sources in American social history primarily from the antebellum period through reconstruction."
Missouriana Digital Text Collection
A collection of digital texts in the University of Missouri Libraries Digital Library. The entire collection is very broad in scope, covering the state's history, geology, literature, agriculture and the Civil War in Missouri.
The Text Archive
This section of The Internet Archive web site is an open-access collection of complete digital texts from libraries, museums, educational and research institutions and individual volunteers.
22 March 2015

Selected Bibliography

Aaslestad, Katherine. "Paying for War: Experiences of Napoleonic Rule in the Hanseatic Cities." Central European History, volume 39, number 4 (December 2006), pages 641-675.

Aaslestad, Katherine, and Karen Hagemann. "1806 and Its Aftermath: Revisiting the Period of the Napoleonic Wars in German Central European Historiography." Central European History, volume 39, number 4 (December 2006), pages 547-579.

Aengenvoort, Anne. Migration, Siedlungsbildung, Akkulturation: die Auswanderung Nordwestdeutscher nach Ohio, 1830-1914. Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte; Beihefte Nr. 150. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1999.

Aley, Ginette. "Knotted Together Like Roots in the Darkness: Rural Midwestern Women and Region - A Bibliographic Guide." Agricultural History, volume 77, number 3 (2003), pages 453-481.

Alumnal Association of Iowa Wesleyan College. Historical Sketch and Alumni Record of Iowa Wesleyan College. Mount Pleasant, Iowa: Alumnal Association of Iowa Wesleyan College, 1917.

American Ancestry: Giving Name and Descent, in the Male Line, of Americans Whose Ancestors Settled in the United States Previous to the Declaration of Independence, A.D. 1776.. Volume 11: Embracing Lineages from the Whole of the United States, 1898. Albany, New York: Joe Munsell's Sons, 1898.

Anderson, Joseph Ferguson. Methodist Dictionary: a Brief Work On Methodist Terminology: Prepared in the Interest Of Ministers, Members, and Friends of the Methodist Episcopal Church. New York: Eaton and Mains, 1909.

Anderson, Robin L. "A Government-Directed Frontier in the Humid Tropics: Pará, Brazil, 1870-1920." Agricultural History, volume 55, number 4 (October 1981), pages 392-406.

Anderson, Timothy Gene. Immigrants in the World-system: Domestic industry and industrialization in northwest Germany and the migration to Osage County, Missouri, 1835-1900. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A & M University, 1994. Digital xerographic reprint. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, 2004.

Anderson, Timothy Gene. "Proto-Industrialization, Sharecropping, and Outmigration in Nineteenth-Century Rural Westphalia." Journal of Peasant Studies, volume 29, number 1 (October 2001), pages 1-30.

Andrews, Lorenzo F. Pioneers of Polk County, Iowa And Reminiscences of Early Days. 2 volumes. Des Moines: Baker-Trisler Company, 1908.

Annals of Brown County, Kansas: From the Earliest Records to January 1, 1900. Compiled and published by Grant W. Harrington, editor and publisher Kansas Democrat. Hiawatha, Kansas: Harrington Printing Company, 1903.

Atack, Jeremy. "Tenants and Yeomen in the Nineteenth Century." Agricultural History, volume 62, number 3, Quantitative Studies in Agrarian History (Summer 1988), pages 6-32.

Atack, Jeremy, Erik F. Haites, James Mak, and Gary M. Walton. "The Profitability of Steamboating on Western Rivers: 1850." Business History Review, volume 49, number 3 (Autumn 1975), pages 346-354.

Atlas of Lafayette County, Missouri 1914. Tuttle & Pike, civil engineers. Higginsville, Missouri: George Scott, 1914.

Atlas of Lafayette County, Missouri. Rockford, Illinois: W. W. Hixson & Company, [1920?].

Bahlmann, Paul. Der Regierungsbezirk Münster: seine Zusammensetzung, Eintheilung und Bevölkerung. Münster: Druck und Verlag der Aschendorffschen Buchhandlung, 1893.

Baines, Dudley. "European Emigration, 1815-1930: Looking at the Emigration Decision Again." Economic History Review, New Series, volume 47, number 3 (August 1994), pages 525-544.

Baker, Joseph Eugene, editor. Past and Present of Alameda County, California. Two volumes. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1914

Baltzer, Friedrich. Alma Mater; Story of College Life Written in Commemoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of Elmhurst College at Elmhurst, Illinois. St. Louis, Missouri: Eden Publishing House, 1921.

Barz, Raymond, and Allen Barz, editors. Our Barz Heritage. [Iowa Falls, Iowa]: Raymond and Allen Barz, 1970.

Bateman, Newton, and Paul Selby, editors. Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois; and, History of Christian County, edited by Henry L. Fowkes. 2 volumes. Chicago: Munsell Publishing Company, 1918.

Bates, Alan L. The Western Rivers Steamboat Cyclopoedium, or American Riverboat Structure & Detail, Salted with Lore with a Nod to the Modelmaker. Leonia, New Jersey: Hustle Press, 1968.

Bates, William Henry. Souvenir of Early and Notable Events in the History of the North West Territory, Illinois, and Tazewell County, Including the Names of Those Who Have Served the County in Various Official Capacities. Pekin, Illinois: W. H. Bates, 1916.

Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Tecklenburg: Im Auftrage des Provinzial-Verbandes der Provinz Westfalen. Bearbeitet von A. Ludorff, mit geschichtlichen Einleitungen von Dr. A. Brennecke. Münster i. W.: Kommissions-Verlag von Ferdinand Schöningh, 1907.
• Band 21: Kreis Tecklenburg.

Baxter, Angus. In Search of Your German Roots. A Complete Guide to Tracing Your Ancestors in the Germanic Areas of Europe. 3rd edition. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1994.

Beckerath, Hilde von. Das niederdeutsche Dorf. Hansische Welt no. 3. Braunschweig; Hamburg: Verlag Georg Westermann, 1921.

Beggs, Stephen R. Pages from the Early History of the West and North-west: Embracing Reminiscences and Incidents of Settlement and Growth, and Sketches of the Material and Religious Progress of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, with Especial Reference to the History of Methodism. Cincinnati, Ohio: Printed at the Methodist Book Concern, R. P. Thompson, printer, 1868.

Bek, William G. "Followers of Duden." Missouri Historical Review, volume 14, number 1 (October 1919) - volume 19, number 2 (January 1925).
• Note: This is a not very tightly organized series of 18 articles united by the common theme of being about early German immigrants to eastern Missouri. Some articles are numbered; some are not.
All of the issues of the Missouri Historical Review associated with William G. Bek's series are freely available online at the State Historical Society of Missouri.

Bek, William G. The German Settlement Society of Philadelphia and its colony, Hermann, Missouri. Philadelphia: Americana Germanica Press, 1907.

Bek, William G. "Hermann Garlichs - Theologian." Followers of Duden: Thirteenth Article. Missouri Historical Review, volume 18, number 1 (October 1923), pages 36-54.

Bek, William G. "Survivals of Old Marriage-Customs Among the Low Germans of West Missouri." Journal of American Folklore, volume 21, number 80 (January-March 1908), pages 60-67.

The Bench and Bar of Illinois; Historical and Reminiscent.. Edited by John M. Palmer. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: Lewis Publishing Company, 1899.

Bergerson, Andrew Stuart. Ordinary Germans in Extraordinary Times: the Nazis Revolution in Hildesheim. Boomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2004.

Berkner, Lutz K. "Inheritance, Land Tenure and Peasant Family Structure: a German Regional Comparison." In Jack Goody, Joan Thirsk, and E. P. Thompson, editors, Family and Inheritance: Rural Society in Western Europe, 1200-1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).

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• The German Methodist Church is covered on pages 569-570, where Rev. H. J. [sic] Fiegenbaum and Rev. H. R. Fiegenbaum are mentioned.

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Chittenden, Hiram Martin. History of Early Steamboat Navigation on the Missouri River: Life and Adventures of Joseph LaBarge, Pioneer Navigator and Indian Trader For Fifty Years Identified With the Commerce of the Missouri Valley. 2 volumes. New York: Francis P. Harper, 1903.

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• Note: This was first published in 1839 and reprinted numerous times.

Combined History of Randolph, Monroe and Perry Counties, Illinois; with Illustrations Descriptive of Their Scenery and Biographical Sketches of Some of Their Prominent Men and Pioneers. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. L. McDonough & Company, 1883.

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The Daily News' History of Buchanan County and St. Joseph, Mo., from the time of the Platte Purchase to the end of the Year 1898. Prededed by a Short History of Missouri. Supplemented by Biographical Sketechs of Noted Citizens Living and Dead. St. Joseph, Missouri: St. Joseph Publishing Company, 1899.

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Dobbs, Hugh Jackson. History of Gage County, Nebraska: a Narrative of the Past, with Special Emphasis upon the Pioneer Period of the County's History, its Social, Commercial, Educational, Religious, and Civic Development from the Early Days to the Present Time. Lincoln, Nebraska: Western Publishing and Engraving Company, 1918.

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Douglas County, Kansas, Marriage Records, 1885-1897. Volume 2. Compiled by Edna Willing and Vivian Clough; indexed by Richard Wellman. Lawrence, Kansas: Douglas County Kansas Genealogical Society, 2008.

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Drury, John. This is Tazewell County, Illinois; An Up-to-date Historical Narrative with County Map and Many Uniquie Aerial Photographs of Cities, Towns, Villages and Farmsteads. American Aerial County History Series, no. 5. Chicago, Illinois: Loree Company, 1954.

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• This is an annotated English translation. According to Walter D. Kamphoefner, the introduction gives "exaggerated importance to emigration societies"

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Eaton, David W. How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named. Columbia, Missouri: State Historiacal Society of Missouri, 1916.

Edwards Brothers of Missouri. An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Warren County, Missouri. Compiled, Drawn and Published From Personal Examinations and Surveys by Edwards Brothers, of Missouri. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Edwards Brothers, of Missouri, 1877.

Elliott, Joseph Peter. A History of Evansville and Vanderburgh County, Indiana. A Complete and Concise Account from the Earliest Times to the Present, Embracing Reminiscences of the Pioneers and Biographical Sketches of the Men Who Have Been Leaders in Commercial and Other Enterprises. Evansville, Indiana: Keller Printing Company, 1897.

Ellis, James Fernando. The Influence of the Environment on the Settlement of Missouri; Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Saint Louis University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. St. Louis, Missouri: Webster Publishing Company, 1929.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Buchanan County, Missouri Marriage Records, 1839-1855. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, 1961.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Lafayette County, Missouri Marriage Records, 1821-1850. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, n.d.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Lincoln County, Missouri Marriage Records, 1825-1844. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, 1961.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Marriage records of Audrain County, Missouri, 1836-1879. Chillicothe, Missouri: E. P. Ellsberry, [1960-1969?].

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Marriage Records of Jackson County, Missouri, 1827-1860. Volume 1. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, n.d.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Marriage Records of Jefferson County, Missouri 1821-1848. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, n.d.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Marriage Records of Jefferson County, Missouri 1848-1869. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, n.d.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Marriage Records of Saline County, Missouri 1820-1850. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, 1959.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Marriage Records of Saline County, Missouri, 1851-1869. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, n.d.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather. Will Records of Saline County, Missouri, 1821-1863. Chillicothe, Missouri: Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, n.d.

Elmhurst Academy and Junior College. Festschrift zum Goldenen Jubiläum = Souvenir of the Golden Jubilee, 1871-1921; June 5 1921. Elmhurst, Illinois: Elmhurst Academy and Junior College, 1921.

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Everest, Kate Asaphine. How Wisconsin Came by its Large German Element. Reprinted from Volume 12 of Wisconsin Historical Collections. Madison, Wisconsin: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1892.

Faust, Alfred Bernhardt. The German Element in the United States. 2 volumes. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1909.

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Fertig, Christine. "Rural Society and Social Networks in Nineteenth-Century Westphalia: The Role of Godparenting in Social Mobility." The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, volume 39, number 4 (Spring 2009), pages 497-522.

Fertig, Christine, Volker Lünnemann, Georg Fertig. "Inheritance, Succession, and Familial Transfer in Rural Westphalia, 1800–1900." The History of the Family, volume 10, number 3 (2005), pages 309-326.

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Ford, Guy Stanton. Stein and the Era of Reform in Prussia, 1807-1815. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1922.

Ford, J. E. A History of Moniteau County, Missouri. California, Missouri: M. H. Crawford, 1936.

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Forsythe, James L. "Environmental Considerations in the Settlement of Ellis County, Kansas." Agricultural History, volume 51, number 1, Agriculture in the Great Plains, 1876-1936: A Symposium (January, 1977), pages 38-50.

Frank, Emil. Heimatgeschichte aus dem Kreise Tecklenburg. 2. Auflage. Ibbenbüren: Ibbenbürener Vereinsdruckerei, 1900.

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• Volume II has the title, Gasconade County, Missouri Family History Book, and has the imprint, Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company.

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Gibbs, Christopher C. The Great Silent Majority: Missouri's Resistance to World War I. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1988.

Gilbert, Frank M. History of the City of Evansville and Vanderburg County Indiana. 2 volumes. Chicago: Pioneer Publishing Company, 1910.

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Gillespie, Samuel, and James E. Steele. History of Clay County, Iowa; From its Earliest Settlement to 1909. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1909.

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Göbel, Gert. Länger als ein menschenleben in Missouri. St. Louis, Missouri: C. Witter's Buchhandlung, 1877.

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Golder, Christian, John H. Horst, and John G. Schaal, editors. Geschichte der Zentral Deutschen Konferenz, einschließlich der Anfangsgeschichte des Deutschen Methodismus. Herausgegeben nach Anordnung der Konferenz. Cincinnati, Ohio: Jennings and Graham, 1907.

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Good, James I. History of the Reformed Church in the U. S. in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Board of Publication of the Reformed Church in America, 1911.

"Great Churches of America: II: Evangelical and Reformed, New Knoxville, Ohio." Christian Century (22 February 1950), pages 323-328.

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Grebner, Constantin. We Were The Ninth: A History of the Ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, April 17, 1861, to June 7, 1864. Translated and edited by Frederic Trautmann. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1987.

Greenberg, David B., editor. Land That Our Fathers Plowed: The Settlement of Our Country as Told by the Pioneers Themselves and Their Contemporaries. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969.

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Gross, Stephen J. "Perils of Prussianism: Main Street German America, Local Autonomy, and the Great War." Agricultural History, volume 78, number 1 (Winter 2004), pages 78-116.

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Hair, James T. Gazetteer of Madison County: Containing Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Alton City, Upper Alton, Edwardsville, Collinsville, Highland, Troy, Monticello, Marine, Bethalto, and Other Towns, Including Some Account of the Resources of the Various Townships: Together With an Exhibit of the Manufacturing Establishments, Newspapers, Banks, Churches, Schools, and Other Institutions of the County: To Which is Added a Directory of the Altons, and a List of the Names, Occupation and Residence Address of the Merchants, Manufacturers and Farmers of the Townships and Villages of the County. Carbondale, Illinois: James T. Hair, 1866.

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Hall, Charles M. The Atlantic Bridge to Germany. 5 volumes. Logan, Utah: Everton Publishers, 1974-1978.
• Note: v. 1. Baden-Wuerttemberg; v. 2. Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz (The Palatinate); v. 3. Bavaria (Bayern); v. 4. Saarland, Alsace-Lorraine, Switzerland; v. 5 Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen.

Haller, Charles R. Across the Atlantic and Beyond: The Migration of German and Swiss Immigrants to America. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage, 1993.

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Handlin, Oscar. The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1951.

Hanson, Marcus Lee. The Atlantic Migration, 1607-1860; A History of the Continuing Settlement of the United States. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1940.

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Hareven, Tamara K. editor. Family and Kin in Urban Communities, 1700-1930. New York: New Viewpoints, 1977.

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Helbich, Wolfgang, and Walter D. Kamphoefner, editors. German-American Immigration and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective. Madison, Wisconsin: Max-Kade Institute for German-American Studies, University of Wisconsin, 2004.

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History of Delaware County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biogaphical Directory of its Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Delaware County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, etc. Chicago, Illinois: Western Historical Company, 1878.

The History of Des Moines County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, its Cities, Towns, &c, a Biographical Directory of Citizens, War record of its volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Des Moines County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneaous Matters, &c. Chicago, Illinois: Western Historical Company, 1879.

History of Floyd County, Iowa; Together with Sketches of its Cities, Village and Townships, Educational, Religious, Civil, Military, and Political History; Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Iowa, Embracing Accounts of the Pre-Historic Races, Aborigines, French, English and American Conquests, and a General Review of its Civil, Political and Military History. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: Inter-State Publishing Company, 1882.

History of Franklin, Jefferson, Washington, Crawford and Gasconade Counties, Missouri: From the Earliest Time to the Present; Together with Sundry Personal, Business and Professional Sketches and Numerous Family Records; Besides a Valuable Fundof [sic] Notes, Original Observations, etc., etc. Chicago, Illinois: Goodspeed Publishing Company, 1888.

History of Hamilton and Clay Counties, Nebraska. Supervising editors George L. Burr and O. O. Buck. Compiled by Dale P. Stough. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1921.

History of Henry County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Henry County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, etc. Chicago, Illinois: Western Historical Company, 1879.

History of Holt and Atchison Counties, Missouri, containing a History of These Counties, Their Cities, Towns, etc., etc., Biographical Sketches of Their Citizens, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of Missouri, Map of Holt and Atchison Counties, etc. St. Joseph, Missouri: National Historical Company, 1882.

History of Holt County, Missouri From the Time of the Platte Purchase to the End of the year 1916, Preceeded by a Short History of Missouri; Supplemented by Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens by the History Publishing Company. St. Joseph, Missouri: History Publishing Company at the press of the Midland Printing Company, [1917?].

History of Howard and Cooper counties, Missouri, Written and Compiled from the Most Authentic Official and Private Sources, Including a History of its Townships, Towns, and Villages; Together With a Condensed History of Missouri, a Reliable and Detailed History 0f Howard and Cooper Counties - Its Pioneer Record, Resources, Biographical Sketches af Prominent Citizens, General and Local Statistics of Great Value, Incidents and Reminiscences. St. Louis, Missouri: National Historical Company, 1883.

History of Iowa County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, &c., Biographical Sketches of Its Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Iowa County, Constitution of Iowa, Miscellaneaous Matters, &c., &c. Des Moines: Union Historical Company, Birdsall, Williams and Company, 1881.

History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, Containing a History of the County - Its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biographical Directory of its Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History fo the Northwest, History of Illinois, Map of Jo Daviess County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneaous Matters, etc. Chicago, Illinois: H. F. Kett & Company, 1878.

History of Kossuth, Hancock, and Winnebago Counties, Iowa: Together with Sketches of Their Cities, Villages, and Townships, Educational, Civil, Military, and Political History; Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Iowa, Embracing Accounts of the Prehistoric Races, and a Brief Review of its Civil and Military History. Springfield, Illinois: Union Publishing Company, 1884.

History of Lafayette County, Mo., Carefully Written and Compiled From the Most Authentic Official and Private Sources, Including a History of Its Townships, Cities, Towns And Villages, Together With a Condensed History of Missouri; the Constitution Of The United States, And State of Missouri; a Military Record Of Volunteers In Either Army of the Great Civil War; General and Local Statistics; Miscellany; Reminesciences, Grave, Tragic and Humorous; Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Citizens Identified with the Interests of the County. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Historical Company, 1881.

History of Lincoln County, Missouri, From the Earliest Time to the Present: Including a Department Devoted to the Preservation of Sundry Personal, Business, Professional and Private Records, Besides a Valuable Fund of Notes, Original Observations, etc., etc. Chicago, Illinois: Goodspeed Publishing, 1888.

History of Macoupin County, Illinois; Biographical and Pictorial. Charles A. Walker, supervising editor. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clark Publishing Company, 1911.

History of Madison County, Illinois: Illustrated: with Biographical Sketches of Many Prominent Men and Pioneers. Edwardsville, Illinois: W. R. Brink and Company, 1882.

History of Minier, Illinois. E. J. Graber, editor. Minier, Illinois: Centenial Committees, 1967.

History of Muscatine County, Iowa: Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, &c., Biographical Sketches of Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Muscatine County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, &c., &c. Chicago, Illinois: Western Historical Company, 1879.

History of Peoria County, Illinois: Containing a History of the Northwest, History of Illinois, History of the County, its Early Settlement, Growth, Development, Resources, etc., etc., a Sketch of its Cities and Towns, Their Improvements, Industries, Manufactories, Churches, Schools, etc., etc., a War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Biographical Sketches, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, Map of Peoria County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, Tables, etc., etc. Chicago, Illinois: Johnson & Company, 1880.

The History of Polk County, Iowa, Containing a History of The County, Its Cities, Towns, &c., Biographical Sketches of Its Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers In The Late Rebellion, General And Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers And Prominent Men, History of The Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Polk County, Constitution of Iowa, Miscellaneous Matters, &c., &c. Des Moines, Iowa: Union Historical Company, 1880.

History of Renville County, Minnesota. Compiled by Franlyn Curtiss-Wedge. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: H. C. Cooper, Jr. & Company, 1916.
• Note: Rev. F. Wellemeyer, pastor of the Methodist Church at Fairfax, from 1878-1879, is mentioned on page 1,285.

History of St. Charles, Montgomery, and Warren counties, Missouri, Written and Compiled From the Most Authentic Official and Private Sources, Including a History Of Their Townships, Towns and Villages, Together With a Condensed History af Missouri; a Reliable and Detailed History of St. Charles, Montgomery and Warren Counties - Their Pioneer Record, Resources, Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens; General and Local Statistics of Great Value; Incidents and Reminiscences. St. Louis, Missouri: National Historical Co.,1885.

History of Tazewell County, Illinois; Together With Sketches of its Cities, Villages and Townships, Educational, Religious, Civil, Military, and Political History; Portraits of Prominent Persons and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Illinois; Embracing Accounts of the Pre-Historic Races, Aborigines, French, English and American Conquests, and a General Review of its Civil, Political, and Military History. Digest Of State Laws.. Chicago, Illinois: Charles C. Chapman and Company, 1879.

History of Wapello County, Iowa. Waterman, Harrison L., supervising editor. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1914.

History of Winnebago County and Hancock County, Iowa: A Record of Settlement, Organization, Progress and Achievement. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: Pioneer Publishing Company, 1917.

History Of Winona and Olmsted Counties: Together With Biographical Matter, Statistics, Etc., Gathered From Matter Furnished By Interviews With Old Settlers, County, Township and Other Records, and Extracts From Files Of Papers, Pamphlets, and Such Other Sources As Have Been Available. Chicago: H. H. Hill and Company, 1883.

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Memoirs of Waukesha County from the Earliest Historical Times Down to the Present, with Special Chapters on Various Subjects, Including Each of the Different Towns, and a Genealogical and Biographical Record of Representative Families in the County, Prepared from Data Obtained from Original Sources of Information.. Theron W. Haight, editor. Madison, Wisconsin: Western Historical Association, 1907.

Memorial and Biographical Record and Illustrated Compendium of Biography; Containing a Compendium of Local Biography, Including Biographical Sketches of Hundreds of Prominent Old Settlers and Representative Citizens of Butler, Polk, Seward, York and Fillmore Counties, Nebraska, With a Review of Their Life Work; Thier Identity with the Growth and Development of this Region; Reminiscences of Personal History and Pioneer Life; and other Interesting and Valuable Matter which should be Preserved in History. Also a Compendium of National Biography..... Chicago, Illinois: George A. Ogle & Company, 1899.

Men of Minnesota: A Collection of the Portraits of Men Prominent in Business and Professional Life in Minnesota. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Company, 1902.

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Stevens, Walter Barlow. Centennial History of Missouri: (the Center State); One Hundred Years in the Union, 1820-1921. 4 volumes. St. Louis, Missouri: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1921.

Stewart, Clark Emerson. On Randolph Hills: Personal Memories - Anecdotes - Reminisences - and Characters. 2nd edition. Heyworth, Illinois: Heyworth Star, 1943.

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Sutton, Robert. History of Auglaize County, Ohio, with the Indian History of Wapakoneta, and the First Settlement of the County. Wapakoneta, Ohio: the author, 1880.

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Tecklenburg, August. Bilder aus der Geschichte unserer Heimatlande: ein Ergänzungsheft für Geschichtsunterricht in den Schulen der Provinz Hannover. Zweite, umgearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Hannover-List: Verlag von Carl Meyer, 1908.

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Thimme, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl. Die inneren Zustände des Kurfürstentums Hannover unter der Französisch-Westfälischen Herrschaft, 1806-1813. 2 volumes. Hannover und Leipzig: Hahn, 1893-1895.

Thoburn, Joseph B. A Standard History of Oklahoma: An Authentic Narrative of its Developments from the Date of the First European Explorationdown to the Present Time, including Accounts of the Indian Tribes, both Civilized and Wild,of the Cattle Range, of the Land Openings and the Achievements of the most Recent Period. Chicago and New York: The American Historical Society, 1916.
• Note: A biographical sketch of Philip Ernst Winter (1859-1934) may be found in volume 3, pages 1,175-1,176.

Thode, Ernest. German-English Genealogical Dictionary. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1992.

Tobler, Hans Werner, and Peter Waldmann. "German Colonies in South America: A New Germany in the Cono Sur?" Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, volume 22, number 2 (May 1980), pages 227-245.

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Tucker, Frank C. The Methodist Church in Missouri, 1798-1939: a Brief History. S.l.: Produced for the Joint Committee of the Historical Societies of the Missouri East and the Missouri West Annual Conferences, 1966.

Uekötter, Hans. Die Bevölkerungsbewegung in Westfalen und Lippe 1818-1933. Arbeiten der Geographischen Kommission im Provinzialinstitut für Westfälische Landes- und Volkskunde; 5. Münster in Westfalen: Coppenrath, 1941.

United States of Brazil: A Geographical Sketch, With Special Reference to Economic Conditions and Prospects of Future Development. Compiled by the Bureau of the American Republics. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1901.

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van Ravenswaay, Charles. The Arts and Architecture of German Settlements in Missouri: A Survey of a Vanishing Culture. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1977.

Vellinho, Moyses. Brazil South: Its Conquest and Settlement. Translation of Capitania d'El-Rei from the Portuguese by Linton Lomas Barrett & Marie McDavid Barrett. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968.

Vidalenc, Jean, et al. "Les Notables des Départements Hanséatiques." Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, Tome 17e, No. 3, La France a l'époque Napoléonienne (July- September 1970), pages 777-794.

Vineyard, John, Mrs., editor. The Marriage Records of Jackson County, Missouri. Independence, Missouri: Mrs. John Vineyard, 1967.

Voß, Anton. Westfälisches Bauerntum in Wandel der Zeiten: eine Einführung in die Geschichte des Westfälischen Bauernstandes. Gelsenkirchen: Schmidt, 1937.

Waal, Carla, and Barbara Oliver Korner, eds. Hardship and Hope: Missouri Women Writing about Their Lives, 1820-1920. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1997.

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Walker, Juliet E. K. Free Frank: a Black Pioneer on the Antebellum Frontier. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1983.

Walker, Mack. German Home Towns: Community, State, and General Estate, 1648-1871. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971.

Walker, Mack. Germany and the Emigration: 1816-1886. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1964.

Walker, Mack. "Napoleonic Germany and the Hometown Communities." Central European History, volume 2, number 2 (June 1969), pages 99-113.

Walters, Tony. "Towards a Theory of Ethnic Identity and Migration: the Formation of Ethnic Enclaves by Migrant Germans in Russia and North America." International Migration Review, volume 29, number 2 (Summer 1995), pages 515-544.

Warner, George E., C. M. Foote, Edward D. Neill, and J. Fletcher Williams. History of Dakota County and the City of Hastings, Including the Explorers and Pioneers of Minnesota, by Rev. Edward D. Neill, and Outlines of the History of Minnesota, by J. Fletcher Williams. Minneapois, Minnesota: North Star Publishing Company, 1881.
• Note: F. W. Fiegenbaum is mentioned on page 507 in connection with the Zion German Methodist Society of West St. Paul, Minnesota.

Wasser, Elsie M. 1845 Census of Madison County, Illinois. Edwardsville, Illinois: Elsie M. Wasser, 1985.

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Wetmore, Alphonso. Gazetteer of the State of Missouri: With a Map of the State, from the Office of the Surveyor-General, including the Latest Additions and Surveys: to Which is Added an Appendix, Containing Frontier Sketches, and Illustrations of Indian Character. St. Louis, Missouri: C. Keemle, 1837.

Whedbee, T. Courtney J. The Port of Baltimore in the Making, 1828-1878. Baltimore: Bowie Smith & Sons, 1953.

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Willems, Emílio. "Acculturation and the Horse Complex among German-Brazilians." American Anthropologist, New Series, volume 46, number 2, Part 1 (April - June 1944), pages 153-161.

Williams, Deward Charles. The Bollman Kriege-Spitze Families. Mt. Carmel, Illinois: [no date].
• On the basis of content on pages 15 and 63, this publication could not have been created prior to 1966.

Williams, Walter, editor. A History of Northwest Missouri. 3 volumes. Chicago; New York: Lewis Publishing Company, 1915.

Williamson, C. W. History of Western Ohio and Auglaize County with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Pioneers and Prominent Public Men. Columbus, Ohio: Press of W. M. Linn & Sons, 1905.

Wills, Charles Wright. Army Life of an Illinois Soldier, Including a Day by Day Record of Sherman's March to the Sea; Letters and Diary of the Late Charles W. Wills, Private and Sergeant 8th Illinois Infantry; Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant 7th Illinois Cavalry; Captain, Major and Lieutenant Colonel 103rd Illinois Infantry. Compiled and Published by his Sister [Mary E. Kellogg]. Washington, D.C.: Globe Printing Company, 1906.

Winter, Nevin Otto. A History of Northwest Ohio: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress and Development from the First European Exploration of the Maumee and Sandusky Valleys and the Adjacent Shores of Lake Erie, Down to the Present Time. 3 volumes. Chicago, Illinois & New York, New York: Lewis Publishing Company, 1917.

Woestemeyer, John A., compiler. Woestemeyer Family Genealogy. St. Paul, Minnesota: L. F. Knowles, 1940.

Woestemeyer, John A., et al, compilers. Woestemeyer Family Association: Genealogy, Book 2, 1940-1950. St. Paul, Minnesota: L. F. Knowles, 1950.

Woodard, W. S. Annals of Methodism in Missouri, Containing an Outline of the Ministerial Life of More Than One Thousand Preachers, and Sketches of More Than Three Hundred, Also Sketches of Charges, Churches and Laymen from the Beginning in 1806 to the Centennial Year, 1884, Containing Seventy-eight Years of History. Columbia, Missouri: E. W. Stephens, Publisher and Binder, 1893.

Woodlawn Cemetery, St. Louis St., Edwardsville, IL: an Inventory of the Five Original Sections Recorded by Members of the Madison County Genealogical Society, 1995-1998. Compiled and edited by Marie Thompson Eberle. Edwardsville, Illinois: Madison County Genealogical Society, 1999.

Woodruff, Howard W., Mrs., editor. The Marriage Records of Franklin County, Missouri: books "A" & "B," 1819-1858. Kansas City, Missouri: Mrs. H. W. Woodruff, 1969.

Woodruff, Howard W., Mrs., editor. The Marriage Records of Warren County, Missouri: Books "A" and "B," 1833-1860. Kansas City, Missouri: Mrs. Howard W. Woodruff, 1969.

Woodruff, Howard W., Mrs., editor. Marriage Records, Osage County, Missouri: Book "A" 1841-1861. Kansas City, Missouri: Mrs. Howard W. Woodruff, 1970.

Woodruff, Howard W., Mrs., editor. Marriage Records, Perry County, Missouri; Book "A" 1825-1842. Independence, Missouri: Mrs. Howard W. Woodruff, 1971.

Woodruff, Howard W., Mrs., editor. Marriage Records, Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri, Book "A", 1807-1827 & 1842-1866. Kansas City, Missouri: Mrs. Howard W. Woodruff, 1970.

Wrasmann, Adolf. Das Heuerlingswesen im Fürstentum Osnabrück. 2 volumes. Osnabrück: 1919-1921.
• From the series: Mitteilungen des Vereins für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. Bände 42 & 44.

Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Missouri. Missouri, a Guide to the "Show Me" State. Compiled by Workers of the Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Missouri. Sponsored by the Missouri State Highway Department. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1941.

Wyman, Mark. Immigrants in the Valley: Irish, Germans, and Americans in the Upper Mississippi Country 1830-1860. Chicago: Nelson-Hale, 1984.

Young, Jacob. Autobiography of a Pioneer: or, The Nativity, Experience, Travels, and Ministerial Labors of Rev. Jacob Young, with Incidents, Observations, and Reflections. Cincinnati, Ohio: L. Swormstedt & A. Poe, for the Methodist Episcopal Church, at the Western Book Concern, 1857.

Young, Raymond A. Cultivating Cooperation: A History of the Missouri Farmers Association. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1995.

Young, William. Young's History of Lafayette County, Missouri. 2 Volumes. Indianapolis, Indiana: B. F. Bowen & Company, 1910.
• Available digitally at: State of Missouri. Office of the Secretary of State. Missouri Digital Heritage Initiative.
    volume 1     volume 2.

Zimmerman, Gary J., & Marion Wolfert. German Immigrants: Lists Of Passengers Bound From Bremen to New York, 1847-1854, With Places of Origin. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1985.